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Where am I in the Reading Universe Taxonomy?

Word Recognition
Phonological Awareness
Phonics
Language Comprehension
Reading Comprehension
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Phonemic Awareness

The Connection Between Speech and Print

As literate adults, our understanding of print and speech are intertwined. Dr. Louisa Moats, author of the LETRS professional development program for teachers, explains that it's critical for educators to separate their thinking about speech from their thinking about print — and put themselves in the mindset of a student — to teach early reading effectively.

To learn more, visit Reading Universe's skill explainer on teaching letter names and sounds.

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Produced by Reading Universe, a partnership of WETA, Barksdale Reading Institute, and First Book

Reading Universe is made possible by generous support from
Jim & Donna Barksdale, the AFT, the Emily Hall Tremaine
Foundation
, and three anonymous donors.

AFT Education Healthcare Public Services